However, a missed approach is not required to terminate with a holding procedure such as the ILS, RNP, and GPS to runway 20R at John Wayne/Santa Ana (SNA), all of which feature missed approaches without a hold. The procedure normally includes an initial heading or course to follow, an altitude to climb to, and holding instructions at a nearby fix. The published missed approach should be flown unless ATC provides other instructions. Most instrument approach charts depict a holding pattern to be flown following the execution of a missed approach. The arrival hold is depicted using a thin line since it is not a mandatory part of the instrument procedure (and should not be flown without specific ATC instruction).Įxamples of numerous arrival holds can be seen on the WESAT arrival into Fort Worth, TX. Standard Terminal Arrival Route (STAR) charts may have one or multiple holding patterns depicted along the procedure. It is common for aircraft to need to perform a course reversal to establish an approach to an airport where radar vectoring is not available.Ī hold-in-lieu-of procedure turn is a required maneuver when it is depicted on the approach chart, such as at JETBI on the RNAV (GPS) 17 in Durant, OK. In real-life flying, pilots may enter holding patterns in three common scenarios: Holding in Lieu of a Procedure Turn For instrument students, holding patterns are performed as part of training.īoth the Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) and Instrument Procedures Handbook contain substantial information about holding patterns. This can be due to any number of reasons but commonly involve traffic congestion, poor weather, or an aircraft or airfield emergency delaying use of a runway. Holding patterns are a way for Air Traffic Control (ATC) to delay an aircraft from proceeding on course. The term “holding pattern” is probably the aviation term most often borrowed by non-aviators – the phrase is even included in the Merriam-Webster dictionary as a “state of waiting.”įor pilots pursuing an instrument rating, learning holding patterns is a required part of training and their regular practice will be an ongoing part of an aviation career.
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